• Andrea Trembath, Christoph P Hornik, Reese Clark, P Brian Smith, Julie Daniels, Matthew Laughon, and Best Pharmaceuticals for Children Act—Pediatric Trials Network.
• Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH.
• J. Pediatr. 2013 Oct 1;163(4):955-60.e1.

ObjectiveTo compare effectiveness of 3 surfactant preparations (beractant, calfactant, and poractant alfa) in premature infants for preventing 3 outcomes: (1) air leak syndromes; (2) death; and (3) bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) or death (composite outcome).Study DesignWe conducted a comparative effectiveness study of premature infants admitted to 322 neonatal intensive care units in the US from 2005-2010 who were treated with beractant, calfactant, or poractant alfa. We compared the incidence of air leak syndromes, death, and BPD or death, adjusting for gestational age (GA), antenatal steroids, discharge year, and small for GA status.ResultsA total of 51282 infants received surfactant; 40% received beractant, 30% calfactant, and 30% poractant alfa. Median birth weight was 1435 g (IQR 966-2065); median GA was 30 weeks (27-33). On adjusted analysis, we observed a similar risk of air leak syndromes (calfactant vs beractant OR = 1.17 [95% CI: 0.95, 1.43]; calfactant vs poractant OR = 1.23 [0.98, 1.56]; beractant vs poractant OR = 1.06 [0.87, 1.29]), death (calfactant vs beractant OR = 1.14 [0.93, 1.39]; calfactant vs poractant OR = 0.98 [0.78, 1.23]; beractant vs poractant OR = 0.86 [0.72, 1.04]), and BPD or death (calfactant vs beractant OR = 1.08 [0.93, 1.26]; calfactant vs poractant OR = 1.19 [1.00, 1.41]; beractant vs poractant OR = 1.10 [0.96, 1.27]).ConclusionsBeractant, calfactant, and poractant alfa demonstrated similar effectiveness in prevention of air leak syndromes, death, and BPD or death in premature infants when adjusted for site. Previously described differences in mortality between surfactants likely do not represent true differences in effectiveness but may relate to site variation in outcomes.Copyright © 2013 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

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