• Kjersti Storheim, Jens Ivar Brox, Inger Holm, Anne Kathrine Koller, and Kari Bø.
• Norwegian University of Sport and Physical Education, Oslo, Norway. Kjersti.Storheim@nih.no
• J Rehabil Med. 2003 May 1;35(3):132-40.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the short-term effect of physical exercise and a cognitive intervention in low back pain.DesignRandomized controlled trial.SubjectsNinety-three patients sick-listed for 8-12 weeks for sub-acute low back pain were randomized to an exercise regime (n = 30), a cognitive intervention (n = 34) or a control group (n = 29).MethodsPrimary outcome measures were pain, disability, sick-listing and satisfaction with care. Secondary outcome measures were self-efficacy for pain and for function, fear-avoidance beliefs, emotional distress, generic health status and life satisfaction.ResultsEighteen percent of subjects dropped out. Drop-out was most frequent in the exercise group. At 18 weeks after inclusion fear-avoidance beliefs were reduced in both intervention groups. The cognitive group demonstrated significant improvement in disability, self-efficacy for pain, emotional distress, general health and life satisfaction. Patients in the exercise group were significantly more satisfied with the treatment, and patients following the exercise protocol reduced pain significantly. No effect on sick-listing was seen.ConclusionCognitive intervention improved disability and may be feasible for most patients sick-listed in the sub-acute phase. Physical exercise reduced patients' symptoms, but requires high motivation by patients. Despite positive effects in intervention groups on variables considered as negative prognostic factors for long-term disability and sickness absence, interventions had no effect on sick-listing.

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