• Marlou M A Raets, Jeroen Dudink, Hanneke Ijsselstijn, Arno F J van Heijst, Maarten H Lequin, Robert Jan Houmes, Enno D Wildschut, Irwin K M Reiss, Paul Govaert, and Dick Tibboel.
• 1Department of Neonatology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. 2Intensive Care, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. 3Department of Neonatology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. 4Department of Pediatric Radiology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. 5Department of Pediatrics, Koningin Paola Children's Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium.
• Pediatr Crit Care Me. 2013 Nov 1;14(9):884-92.

ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of and to classify ultrasound-proven brain injury during neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in The Netherlands.DesignRetrospective nationwide study (Rotterdam and Nijmegen), spanning two decades.SettingLevel III university hospitals.SubjectsAll neonates who underwent neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation from 1989 to 2010.InterventionsNone.Measurements And Main ResultsCranial ultrasound images were reviewed independently by two investigators without knowledge of primary diagnosis, outcome, type of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, or statistics. The scans were reviewed for lesion type and timing, with the use of a refined classification method for focal brain injury. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation type was venoarterial in 88%. Brain abnormalities were detected in 17.3%: primary hemorrhage was most frequent (8.8%). Stroke was identified in 5% of the total group, with a notable significant preference for the left hemisphere (in 70%). Lobar hematoma (prevalence 2.2 %) was also significantly left predominant.ConclusionThe incidence of brain injury found with cranial ultrasound in The Netherlands of the patients treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation during the neonatal period was 17.3%. Primary hemorrhage was the largest group of lesions, not clearly side-specific except for lobar bleeding, most probably related to changes in venous flow. Arterial ischemic stroke occurred predominant in the left hemisphere.

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