• Mohammad Reza Rajebi, Gulraiz Chaudry, Horacio M Padua, Brian Dillon, Sabri Yilmaz, Ryan W Arnold, Mary F Landrigan-Ossar, and Ahmad I Alomari.
• Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Children's Hospital Boston and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
• J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2011 Sep 1;22(9):1300-5.

PurposeTo review an initial experience studying the lymphatic system using direct injection of ethiodized oil contrast medium into lymph nodes (ie, intranodal lymphangiography) in children with chylous disorders.Materials And MethodsChildren with chylous disorders who underwent intranodal lymphangiography were included in this retrospective study. Under general anesthesia, ultrasonography was used to guide the placement of a small-bore (22-25-gauge) needle into an inguinal lymph node. Ethiodized oil contrast medium was very slowly injected into the node. Opacification of the lymphatic system was documented with fluoroscopic and digital substraction imaging and videofluoroscopic clips.ResultsFive children (age range, 6 wk to 17 y) with chylous vaginorrhea (n = 1), postoperative chylothorax (n = 2), or spontaneous chylothorax (n = 2) underwent intranodal lymphangiography. The amount of ethiodized oil injected was 0.5-4.5 mL. Intranodal lymphangiography was successfully completed in four patients. One procedure was terminated because of patient motion and extravasation of contrast medium. Lymphangiographic findings included a spectrum of lymphatic channel disorders including incompetence, obstruction, collateralization, chylous reflux, and chylous leak. There were no complications.ConclusionsThe simplified technique of injecting contrast medium into a lymph node to opacify the lymphatic system in children can be an alternative to the more elaborate conventional lymphangiography.Copyright © 2011 SIR. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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