• Ryan A Black, Kimberlee J Trudeau, Theresa A Cassidy, Simon H Budman, and Stephen F Butler.
• Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, USA.
• J Opioid Manag. 2013 Jan 1;9(1):5-17.

ObjectiveTo determine what, if any, public health and societal impacts are associated specifically with injection of prescription opioids.DesignCross-sectional observational study.SettingFive hundred forty treatment facilities in 35 states across the United States performing Addiction Severity Index-Multimedia Version (ASI-MV) assessments.ParticipantsAdult patients (29,459) who reported past 30-day abuse of any prescription opioid on the ASI-MV assessment between January 2007 and January 2011.Main Outcome MeasuresThe public health indicators selected for this study were liver disease, HIV/AIDS status, recent visit to an emergency room, treatment for pain, treatment for overdosing, homelessness, residence with alcohol/substance abuser, and unemployment.ResultsPrescription opioid injection was significantly associated with health problems, psychosocial problems, and utilization of medical services.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates an approach to measure the potential impact of injecting prescription opioids on public health indicators. Findings indicate a positive association between injection of prescription opioids and public health indicators suggesting a need for prescription opioid formulations that may inhibit injection of these medications.

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