• Eliana B Caser, Eliana Zandonade, Ewerton Pereira, Ana Maria Casati Gama, and Carmen S V Barbas.
• 1Department of Internal Medicine, University Federal do Espírito Santo, Espírito Santo, Brazil. 2Biostatistics Department, University Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil. 3Service Diagnostic Imaging, Centro Integrado de Atenção à Saúde-Unimed Vitória, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil. 4Pulmonary Division, University Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil. 5Pulmonary Division, InCor, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.
• Crit. Care Med. 2014 Mar 1; 42 (3): 574-82.

ObjectivesEvaluation of prevalence and outcomes of acute lung injury in a large cohort of critically ill patients in Brazil and comparison of predictive receiver operating characteristic curve mortality of American European Consensus conference definition with new Berlin definition of acute respiratory distress syndrome.DesignA 15-month prospective, multicenter, observational study.SettingFourteen medical ICUs in Espirito Santo, a state of Brazil.PatientsMechanically ventilated patients who fulfilled American European Consensus conference criteria of acute lung injury or Berlin definition of acute respiratory distress syndrome.InterventionsClinical and respiratory data were collected for 7 consecutive days and on the 14 and 28 days. Twenty-eight day mortality, hospital mortality, and predictive receiver operating characteristic curve mortality were calculated.Measurements And Main ResultsOf 7,133 patients, 130 patients (1.8%) fulfilled criteria for acute lung injury (American European Consensus conference) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (Berlin definition). Median time for diagnosis was 2 days (interquartile range, 0-3 d). Main risk factors were pneumonia (35.3%) and nonpulmonary sepsis (31.5%). Mean age was 44.2 ± 15.9 years, and 61.5% were men. Mean Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score was 20.7 ± 7.9. Mean PaO2/FIO2 was 206 ± 61.5, significantly lower in nonsurvivors on day 7 (p = 0.003). Mean mechanical ventilation time was 21 ± 15 days. Length of ICU stay was 26.4 ± 18.7 days. Twenty-eight-day mortality was 38.5% (95% CI, 30.1-46.8); hospital mortality was 49.2% (95% CI, 40.6-57.8). Predictive 28-day mortality area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for American European Consensus conference definition was 0.5625 (95% CI, 0.4783-0.6467) and for the Berlin definition 0.5664 (95% CI, 0.4759-0.6568; p = 0.9510).ConclusionsIn our population, prevalence of acute lung injury was low, most cases were diagnosed 2 days after ICU admission, and Berlin definition was not different from American European Consensus conference definition in predicting mortality. There are still several problems with the global epidemiology, definition, and mortality predictive indices that should be added to the classification of this still lethal syndrome to improve its predictive mortality power in the future.

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