• S Ehrentraut, S Frede, H Stapel, T Mengden, C Grohé, J Fandrey, R Meyer, and G Baumgarten.
• Institute of Physiology II, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Wilhelmstrasse 31, D-53111 Bonn, Germany.
• Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 2007 Oct 1;27(10):2170-6.

ObjectiveAim was to assess whether lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced decrease of total peripheral resistance depends on Toll-like receptor (TLR)4 signaling and whether it is sensitive to NO-synthase or TLR4 antagonists.Methods And ResultsC3H/HeN mice (control), expressing a functional, and C3H/HeJ mice, expressing a nonfunctional TLR4, were compared. LPS (20 mg/kg) was injected i.p. 6 hours before hemodynamic measurements. L-NAME and SMT, inhibitors of NO production, and Eritoran, a TLR4 antagonist, were tested for their impact on vascular contractility. Aortic rings were incubated for 6 hours with or without LPS (1 microg/mL), or with LPS+Eritoran (2 microg/mL) and their phenylephrine-induced contractility was measured using a myograph. The expression of cytokines in aortic tissue was examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. In control mice LPS induced a significant decrease of blood pressure and an increase of heart rate, whereas C3H/HeJ remained unaffected. LPS induced an increase of cytokine expression and a depression of vascular contractility only in control mice but not in C3H/HeJ. L-NAME and SMT increased contractility in all rings and restored LPS-dependent depression of contractility. Eritoran prevented LPS-induced loss of contractility.ConclusionsLPS upregulates cytokine expression via TLR4 and induces attenuation of smooth muscle contractility which can be effectively antagonized.

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