• Charles Maynard, W T Longstreth, Graham Nichol, Al Hallstrom, Peter J Kudenchuk, Thomas Rea, Michael K Copass, David Carlbom, Steven Deem, Michele Olsufka, Leonard A Cobb, and Francis Kim.
• Department of Health Services, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (C.M.).
• J Am Heart Assoc. 2015 Mar 11; 4 (3): e001693.

BackgroundRandomized trials of prehospital cooling after cardiac arrest have shown that neither prehospital cooling nor targeted temperature management differentially affected short-term survival or neurological function. In this follow-up study, we assess the association of prehospital hypothermia with neurological function at least 3 months after cardiac arrest and survival 1 year after cardiac arrest.Methods And ResultsThere were 508 individuals who were discharged alive from hospitals in King County, Washington; 373 (73%) were interviewed by telephone 123±43 days after the initial event. Overall, 59% of the treatment group and 58% of the control group had Cerebral Performance Category (CPC) 1 or 2 (P=0.70), and 50% of the treatment group and 49% of the control group had slight disability or better by the Modified Rankin Scale (MRS; (P=0.35). One-year survival was 87% in the treatment group and 84% in the control group (P=0.42). Of those with CPC 1 at hospital discharge, 68% had CPC 1 or 2 at follow-up, and 59% had MRS of slight disability or better. Of 41 patients with CPC 3 or 4 at discharge, only 12% had CPC 2 at follow-up, and just 5% had MRS of slight disability or better. One-year survival was 92% for CPC 1 at discharge, but only 40% for CPC 4.ConclusionIn addition to excellent survival, patients who had good neurological function at discharge continued to have good function at least 3 months after the event.Clinical Trial RegistrationURL: Clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00391469.© 2015 The Authors. Published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wiley Blackwell.

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