• Marjorie J Arca, Michael Uhing, and Martin Wakeham.
• Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children׳s Hospital of Wisconsin, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Division of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Children׳s Hospital of Wisconsin, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Electronic address: marca@chw.org.
• Semin. Pediatr. Surg. 2015 Feb 1;24(1):2-7.

AbstractCurrent trends in mechanical respiratory support are evolving toward gentle approaches to avoid short- and long-term problems that are historically associated with mechanical ventilation. These ventilator-associated issues include the need for long-term sedation, muscle deconditioning, ventilator-associated lung injury (VALI), and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). This article will describe recent trends of ventilatory support in neonates and children: (1) utilization of volume ventilation in infants, (2) synchrony and improving patient-ventilator interaction specifically using neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA), and (3) use of noninvasive ventilation techniques. When applicable, their uses in the surgical newborn and pediatric patients are described.Copyright © 2014. Published by Elsevier Inc.

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