• Reiko Oku, Shigeto Oda, Taka-aki Nakada, Tomohito Sadahiro, Masataka Nakamura, Yoh Hirayama, Ryuzo Abe, Yoshihisa Tateishi, Michihiro Ito, Toru Iseki, and Hiroyuki Hirasawa.
• Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan. okurere000@gmail.com
• Cytokine. 2013 Jan 1;61(1):112-7.

ObjectiveTriggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) was reported to play a key roll in amplification of production of inflammatory cytokines. TREM-1 is suggested to be a specific biomarker for sepsis for this reason, but the clinical significance of TREM-1 has not been elucidated. We investigated TREM-1 expression on the cell-surface, and plasma levels of soluble TREM-1 (sTREM-1) in patients with non-infectious systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and sepsis admitted to the ICU.MethodsThirty-five patients with SIRS and 21 patients with sepsis admitted to ICU were subjected to the study. TREM-1 expressions on the surfaces of monocytes and neutrophils were measured by flow cytometry. Plasma sTREM-1 level and serum interleukin (IL)-6 level were measured.ResultsSeptic patients had decreased TREM-1 expression, clearly on neutrophils or to a lesser extent on monocyte compared to SIRS patients on ICU admission (neutrophils p<0.001, monocyte p<0.05). TREM-1 expression on neutrophils had a significant inverse correlation with serum IL-6 level (r=-0.64, p<0.0001). Plasma sTREM-1 level in septic patients was significantly higher than that in SIRS patients (p<0.05). Plasma sTREM-1 level positively correlated with severity score and non-survivors had increased plasma sTREM-1 level compared to survivors in all SIRS/sepsis patients (p<0.05).ConclusionsPatients with sepsis had increased soluble TREM-1 and decreased TREM-1 expression on neutrophil compared to SIRS patients. sTREM-1 may be useful to evaluate disease severity and outcome of patients with SIRS or sepsis.Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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