• John P Scott and George M Hoffman.
• Departments of Anesthesiology and Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Pediatric Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
• Paediatr Anaesth. 2014 Jan 1;24(1):74-88.

AbstractThe safety of anesthesia has improved greatly in the past three decades. Standard perioperative monitoring, including pulse oximetry, has practically eliminated unrecognized arterial hypoxia as a cause for perioperative injury. However, most anesthesia-related cardiac arrests in children are now cardiovascular in origin, and standard monitoring is unable to detect many circulatory abnormalities. Near-infrared spectroscopy provides noninvasive continuous access to the venous side of regional circulations that can approximate organ-specific and global measures to facilitate the detection of circulatory abnormalities and drive goal-directed interventions to reduce end-organ ischemic injury.© 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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