• Jennifer L Rickard, Georges Ntakiyiruta, and Kathryn M Chu.
• Department of Surgery, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda; Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Electronic address: jlr283@mail.harvard.edu.
• J Surg Educ. 2015 Jul 1;72(4):e73-81.

ObjectiveTo define the operations performed by surgical residents at a tertiary referral hospital in Rwanda to help guide development of the residency program.DesignCross-sectional study of all patients operated by surgical residents from October 2012 to September 2013.SettingUniversity Teaching Hospital of Kigali (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Kigali [CHUK]), a public, tertiary referral hospital in Kigali, Rwanda.ParticipantsAll patient data were entered into the operative database by surgical residents at CHUK. A total of 2833 cases were entered into the surgical database. Of them, 53 cases were excluded from further analysis because no surgical resident was listed as the primary or assistant surgeon, leaving 2780 cases for analysis.ResultsThere were 2780 operations involving surgical residents. Of them, 51% of procedures were classified under general surgery, 38% orthopedics, 7% neurosurgery, and 4% urology. Emergency operations accounted for 64% of the procedures, with 56% of those being general surgery and 35% orthopedic. Further, 50% of all operations were trauma, with 71% of those orthopedic and 21% general surgery. Surgical faculty were involved in 45% of operations as either the primary or the assistant surgeons, while the remainder of operations did not involve surgical faculty. Residents were primary surgeons in 68% of procedures and assistant surgeons in 84% of procedures.ConclusionsThe operative experience of surgery residents at CHUK primarily involves emergency and trauma procedures. Although this likely reflects the demographics of surgical care within Rwanda, more focus should be placed on elective procedures to ensure that surgical residents are broadly trained.Copyright © 2015 Association of Program Directors in Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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