• David C Schwebel, Dehran Swart, Jennifer Simpson, Phumla Hobe, and Siu-Kuen Azor Hui.
• Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA. schwebel@uab.edu
• Health Psychol. 2009 Jul 1;28(4):493-500.

ObjectiveUnintentional injury rates in low- and middle-income countries are up to 50 times higher than high-income nations. In South Africa, kerosene (paraffin) is a leading cause of poisoning and burns, particularly in low-income communities where it serves as a primary fuel for light, cooking, and heating. This study tested a community-based intervention to reduce kerosene-related injury risk. The intervention used a train-the-trainers model, whereby expert trainers train local paraprofessionals, who in turn deliver educational materials to community residents. The intervention was theory-driven, pragmatically motivated, and culturally sensitive.DesignProspective quasi-experimental intervention design with nonequivalent case versus control groups.Main Outcome MeasuresThree primary outcome measures were considered: self-reported knowledge of kerosene safety, observed practice of safe kerosene use, and self-reported recognition of risk for kerosene-related injury.ResultsANOVA models suggest a large and significant increase in self-reported kerosene-related knowledge in the intervention community compared to the control community. There were smaller, but statistically significant changes, in kerosene-related safety practices and recognition of kerosene injury risk in the intervention community compared to the control community.ConclusionThe intervention was successful. A train-the-trainers model might be an effective educational tool to reduce kerosene-related injury risk in low-income communities within low- and middle-income countries.

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