• Christy Tomkins-Lane, Markus Melloh, Jon Lurie, Matt Smuck, Michele C Battié, Brian Freeman, Dino Samartzis, Richard Hu, Thomas Barz, Kent Stuber, Michael Schneider, Andrew Haig, Constantin Schizas, CheungJason Pui YinJPYDepartment of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Hong Kong., Anne F Mannion, Lukas Staub, Christine Comer, Luciana Macedo, Sang-Ho Ahn, Kazuhisa Takahashi, and Danielle Sandella.
• Department of Health and Physical Education, Mount Royal University, Calgary, Canada.
• Spine. 2016 Aug 1; 41 (15): 123912461239-1246.

Study DesignDelphi.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to obtain an expert consensus on which history factors are most important in the clinical diagnosis of lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS).Summary Of Background DataLSS is a poorly defined clinical syndrome. Criteria for defining LSS are needed and should be informed by the experience of expert clinicians.MethodsPhase 1 (Delphi Items): 20 members of the International Taskforce on the Diagnosis and Management of LSS confirmed a list of 14 history items. An online survey was developed that permits specialists to express the logical order in which they consider the items, and the level of certainty ascertained from the questions. Phase 2 (Delphi Study) Round 1: Survey distributed to members of the International Society for the Study of the Lumbar Spine. Round 2: Meeting of 9 members of Taskforce where consensus was reached on a final list of 10 items. Round 3: Final survey was distributed internationally. Phase 3: Final Taskforce consensus meeting.ResultsA total of 279 clinicians from 29 different countries, with a mean of 19 (±SD: 12) years in practice participated. The six top items were "leg or buttock pain while walking," "flex forward to relieve symptoms," "feel relief when using a shopping cart or bicycle," "motor or sensory disturbance while walking," "normal and symmetric foot pulses," "lower extremity weakness," and "low back pain." Significant change in certainty ceased after six questions at 80% (P < .05).ConclusionThis is the first study to reach an international consensus on the clinical diagnosis of LSS, and suggests that within six questions clinicians are 80% certain of diagnosis. We propose a consensus-based set of "seven history items" that can act as a pragmatic criterion for defining LSS in both clinical and research settings, which in the long term may lead to more cost-effective treatment, improved health care utilization, and enhanced patient outcomes.Level Of Evidence2.

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