• Amjed Fekih Hassen, Sonia Ben Khalifa, and Mayssa Daiki.
• Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Children's Hospital, Tunis El Manar University, Bab Saadoun 1007, Tunis, Tunisia. Electronic address: fhaw2000@yahoo.fr.
• Burns. 2014 Aug 1;40(5):1040-5.

ObjectivesThe aim of our study is to determine the most prevalent bacteria responsible for nosocomial infection (NI) in burned children.Materials And MethodsA prospective analytic study was conducted over a period of 30 months at the Children's Hospital of Tunisia. All burned children were enrolled.ResultsA total of 185 children were hospitalised during the study period. The mean age was 30 months (interquartile range, IR:18; 48). The gender ratio of the study population was 1.3 (104 males and 81 females). The mean total body surface area burned (TBSA) was 10% (IR:6; 16). The incidence rate of NI was 39.1 NIs per 1000 patient-days and two-thirds of the infections were polymicrobial. The most common isolated micro-organisms were methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA, 57.7%), wild-type Pseudomonas aeruginosa (35.9%) and wild-type Enterobacter cloacae (26.9%). The case fatality rate was 5.9% corresponding to a crude death rate of 1.32 deaths per year. Septic shock with multiple organ failure was the leading cause of death.ConclusionThe most common micro-organisms responsible for NI in our series were of the wild-type phenotype. Thus, on suspicion of sepsis, empiric antibiotic treatment combining piperacillin, oxacillin and gentamicin can be proposed until identification of the causative microorganism is available.Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd and ISBI. All rights reserved.

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