• Vincent Q Trinh, Quoc-Dien Trinh, Zhe Tian, Jim C Hu, Shahrokh F Shariat, Paul Perrotte, Pierre I Karakiewicz, and Maxine Sun.
• Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA. quochuytrinh@gmail.com
• BJU Int. 2013 Jul 1;112(2):E20-7.

ObjectiveTo show the underlying variability in peri-operative mortality after radical cystectomy (RC) by analysing failure-to-rescue (FTR) rates, i.e. deaths after complications.Materials And MethodsPatients undergoing RC for non-metastatic bladder cancer (BCa) were identified from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, 1999-2009, resulting in a weighted estimate of 79,972 patients. The FTR rates were assessed according to patient and hospital characteristics, as well as complication type. Generalized linear regression analyses were performed.ResultsOverall, 26,740 patients had a complication, corresponding to a FTR rate of 5.5%. Septicaemia (odds ratio [OR]: 13.41, P < 0.001) and cardiac (OR: 3.97, P < 0.001), wound-related (OR: 2.12, P < 0.001), genitourinary (OR: 1.62, P = 0.045) and haematological (OR: 1.78, P = 0.008) complications were associated with FTR. Older age (OR: 1.05, P < 0.001), increasing comorbidities (OR: 1.33, P < 0.001), Medicare (OR: 1.52, P = 0.016), and Medicaid insurance status (OR: 2.10, P = 0.029) were associated with higher odds of FTR. Conversely, increasing hospital volume (OR: 0.992, P = 0.014) reduced the odds of FTR.ConclusionsWhereas both patient and hospital characteristics were associated with increased odds of FTR, the occurrence of septicaemia and cardiac complications were the most strongly associated with a higher risk of in-hospital mortality.© 2013 BJU International.

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