• Anna Liveris, Ricardo A Bello, Patricia Friedmann, Melissa A Duffy, Deepa Manwani, James S Killinger, Daniel Rodriquez, and Samuel Weinstein.
• 1Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, The Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY. 2Division of Hematology-Oncology, The Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY. 3Division of Pediatric Critical Care, The Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY.
• Pediatr Crit Care Me. 2014 Feb 1;15(2):e72-9.

ObjectiveTo assess the utility of activated clotting time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and anti-Factor Xa assay for the monitoring and dosing of heparin in pediatric patients requiring support with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.DesignRetrospective chart review.SettingPICU in a single, tertiary care, academic children's hospital.PatientsSeventeen patients (age 1 d to 13.9 yr, median 0.83 yr) managed on pulmonary and cardiac extracorporeal membrane oxygenation between March 2010 and August 2012 by a single surgeon.InterventionsNone.Measurements And Main ResultsTwice daily measurements of anti-Factor Xa assay, activated clotting time, and activated partial thromboplastin time were determined from the same blood specimen. Data were analyzed using SAS system v9.2. Fourteen patients (82.4%) were successfully weaned from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and 12 (70.6%) were discharged from the hospital. Pearson correlations were used to compare heparin dose and activated clotting time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and anti-Factor Xa assay. Analysis showed negative Pearson correlations in 11 of 17 patients between the activated clotting time and heparin, as compared with seven of 17 for activated partial thromboplastin time and only one for heparin and anti-Factor Xa assay. Only four patients had moderate to strong positive correlations between activated clotting time and heparin as compared with a moderate to strong positive correlation in 10 patients for anti-Factor Xa assay and heparin.ConclusionsThe anti-Factor Xa assay correlated better with heparin dosing than activated clotting time or activated partial thromboplastin time. Activated clotting time has a poor correlation to heparin doses commonly associated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. In pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, anti-Factor Xa assay may be a more valuable monitor of heparin administration.

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