• Pediatr. Clin. North Am. · Apr 2006

    Review

    Airway infectious disease emergencies.

    • Keyvan Rafei and Richard Lichenstein.
    • Pediatric Emergency Department, University of Maryland Hospital for Children, Baltimore, 21201, USA. krafei@peds.umaryland.edu
    • Pediatr. Clin. North Am. 2006 Apr 1;53(2):215-42.

    AbstractUpper and lower respiratory infections are encountered commonly in the emergency department. Visits resulting from occurrences of respiratory disease account for 10% of all pediatric emergency department visits and 20% of all pediatric hospital admissions. Causes of upper airway infections include croup, epiglottitis, retropharyngeal abscess, cellulitis, pharyngitis, and peritonsillar abscesses. Lower airway viral and bacterial infections cause illnesses such as pneumonia and bronchiolitis. Signs and symptoms of upper and lower airway infections overlap, but the differentiation is important for appropriate treatment of these conditions. This article reviews the varied clinical characteristics of upper and lower airway infections.

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