• Jens Ivar Brox, Kjersti Storheim, Inger Holm, Astrid Friis, and Olav Reikerås.
• Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Section for Back Surgery and Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Hospital, Oslo, Norway. jens.ivar.brox@rikshospitalet.no
• J Rehabil Med. 2005 Mar 1;37(2):95-9.

ObjectiveTo compare measures of disability, psychological factors, pain and physical performance in healthy controls, and patients with sub-acute and chronic low back pain. To evaluate the concept of the deconditioning syndrome and to explore factors that may contribute to chronicity.DesignCase-control study.SubjectsThree age- and gender-matched groups were included in the study; healthy controls (n = 45), patients sick-listed 8-12 weeks (n = 46) and patients with chronic low back pain on a waiting list for lumbar instrumented fusion (n = 45).MethodsMeasures of disability, pain, psychological factors, and physical performance were obtained from the 3 groups using validated measures.ResultsGender, age, body weight and height were not significantly different between the groups. Comparable scores were found for self-rated working ability, fear-avoidance beliefs for physical activity and aerobic capacity in the 2 patient groups. Oswestry Disability Index, pain, emotional distress, abdominal and back muscle endurance were significantly different between the 3 groups. Self-efficacy for pain and fear-avoidance beliefs for work was significantly different between the 2 patient groups.ConclusionThe results suggest a stepwise deterioration of impairment and disability from healthy controls to patients with chronic low back pain. Most variables distinguished between healthy controls and patients with sub-acute or chronic low back pain. Deconditioning was more related to psychophysical measures of abdominal and back muscle endurance than to cardiovascular fitness. Comparable scores for fear-avoidance and working ability in the 2 patient categories suggest that these factors appear at an early stage and contribute to the transition from acute to chronic low back pain.

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