• Adam I Edelstein, Francis C Lovecchio, Sujata Saha, Wellington K Hsu, and John Y S Kim.
• Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery (A.I.E. and W.K.H.) and Surgery (F.C.L., S.S., and J.Y.S.K.), Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, 675 North Saint Clair Street, Galter Suite 19-250, Chicago, IL 60611. E-mail address for J.Y.S. Kim: jokim@nmh.org.
• J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2014 Aug 6; 96 (15): e131.

BackgroundOperative procedural training is a key component of orthopaedic surgery residency. The influence of intraoperative resident participation on the outcomes of surgery has not been studied extensively using large, population-based databases.MethodsWe identified 30,628 patients who underwent orthopaedic procedures from the 2011 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program. Outcomes as measured by perioperative complications, readmission rates, and mortality within thirty days were compared for cases with and without intraoperative resident involvement.ResultsLogistic regression with propensity score analysis revealed that intraoperative resident participation was associated with decreased rates of overall complications (odds ratio, 0.717 [95% confidence interval, 0.657 to 0.782]), medical complications (odds ratio, 0.723 [95% confidence interval, 0.661 to 0.790]), and mortality (odds ratio, 0.638 [95% confidence interval, 0.427 to 0.951]). Resident presence in the operating room was not predictive of wound complications (odds ratio, 0.831 [95% confidence interval, 0.656 to 1.053]), readmission (odds ratio, 0.962 [95% confidence interval, 0.830 to 1.116]), or reoperation (odds ratio, 0.938 [95% confidence interval, 0.758 to 1.161]). A second analysis by propensity score stratification into quintiles grouped by similar probability of intraoperative resident presence showed resident involvement to correlate with decreased rates of overall and medical complications in three quintiles, but increased rates of overall and medical complications in one quintile. All other outcomes were equivalent across quintiles.ConclusionsOrthopaedic resident involvement during surgical procedures is associated with lower risk of perioperative complications and mortality in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. The results support resident participation in the operative care of orthopaedic patients.Level Of EvidenceTherapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.Copyright © 2014 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Incorporated.

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