• Expert Opin Investig Drugs · Aug 2002

    Review

    Cytokine modulation in sepsis and septic shock.

    • Sergio Zanotti, Aseem Kumar, and Anand Kumar.
    • Section of Critical Care Medicine, Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center, Room 214 Jones, 1635 west Congress Parkway, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA. szanotti@rush.edu
    • Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2002 Aug 1;11(8):1061-75.

    AbstractSepsis and septic shock are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients admitted to the intensive care unit. Since the introduction of antibiotic therapy, the mortality associated with sepsis has remained within the 30- 50% range. Sepsis constitutes the systemic response to infection. This response encompasses both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory phases that are marked by the sequential generation of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Among the most important pro-inflammatory cytokines are TNF-alpha and IL-1beta. The pro-inflammatory effects of such cytokines are inhibited by soluble receptors/receptor antagonists and anti-inflammatory cytokines including IL-10 and transforming growth factor-beta. Modulation of the activity of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines to improve outcome in patients with sepsis has been subject of multiple clinical studies. This review will examine clinical trials evaluating several strategies for blocking or attenuating TNF-alpha and IL-1beta activity. This review will also survey the current state of experimental therapies involving IL-10, transforming growth factor-beta, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and IFN-phi. Finally, newer developments related to less known cytokines such as macrophage migration inhibitory factor and high mobility group 1 protein will be evaluated.

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