• Marson T Davidson, Edwin A Deitch, Qi Lu, Adena Osband, Eleonora Feketeova, Zoltán H Németh, Gyorgy Haskó, and Da-Zhong Xu.
• Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, 07103, USA.
• Surgery. 2004 Jul 1;136(1):32-41.

BackgroundGut-derived factors in intestinal lymph have been recently shown to cause lung injury, activate neutrophils, and injure endothelial cells in rats subjected to hemorrhagic shock (T/HS). However, the time course of the appearance and disappearance of these factors in intestinal lymph is unclear. Thus the goal of this study was to characterize the biologic activity of T/HS lymph collected at various times during and after shock.MethodsMale rats subjected to trauma (laparotomy) plus hemorrhagic shock (mean arterial pressure, 90 mm Hg x 90 min) (T/HS) or trauma plus sham shock (T/SS) had their mesenteric lymph duct catheterized. Mesenteric lymph collected before shock, during shock, and hourly for 6 hours after shock was assayed for cytokine levels (tumor necrosis factor, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interleukin-1, and transforming growth factor-beta) as well as biologic activity on endothelial cells (cytotoxicity and permeability) and neutrophils (CD11b adhesion molecule expression and respiratory burst activity).ResultsT/HS, but not T/SS, lymph injured endothelial cells and activated neutrophils, although the cytokine levels did not differ between the T/HS and T/SS lymph samples. The biologic activity of T/HS lymph appeared during the shock (gut ischemic) period. The temporal pattern of activity varied on the basis of the biologic activity being tested, with the neutrophil-activating properties of the T/HS lymph persisting longest.ConclusionsThese results suggest that gut ischemia itself is sufficient to induce the production of biologically active T/HS lymph and that the temporal pattern of biologic activity varies over time on the basis of the property being tested. Consequently, studies directed at identifying the active factors in T/HS lymph must take these temporal patterns of activity into account.

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