• Stephanie Parks Taylor and Brice T Taylor.
• Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33606, USA. spezzo@health.usf.edu
• Respirology. 2013 Feb 1;18(2):364-8.

Background And ObjectiveAlthough the 2005 American Thoracic Society/Infectious Disease Society of America antibiotic guidelines classify pneumonia occurring in patients receiving chronic haemodialysis as health care-associated pneumonia (HCAP), and thus recommend treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics for these patients, little data support this classification. We compared clinical outcomes in haemodialysis patients hospitalized with pneumonia, who were treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics versus narrow-spectrum antibiotics.MethodsOne hundred twenty-five haemodialysis patients with pneumonia met eligibility criteria. Categorization into the community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) group or HCAP group was based on antibiotic therapy patients received. Time to oral therapy, time to clinical stability, length of stay and mortality were compared.ResultsCAP and HCAP patients did not differ in Pneumonia Severity Index and Charlson Comorbidity index scores, but HCAP patients were more likely to meet criteria for severe pneumonia. Patients treated with HCAP therapy had a significantly longer time to oral therapy than CAP patients (9.2 vs 3.2 days, P < 0.001) and a significantly longer length of stay (11.9 vs 5.1 days, P < 0.001). Time to clinical stability was marginally longer in the HCAP group (3.1 vs 2.4 days, P = 0.07). Patients treated with HCAP therapy had longer continuation of intravenous antibiotics after reaching clinical stability (5.5 vs 0.78 days, P < 0.001).ConclusionsThis study is the first to our knowledge to describe clinical outcomes in patients with haemodialysis as their only HCAP risk factor. Narrow-spectrum antibiotics may be safe in haemodialysis patients with no other HCAP risk factors. HCAP therapy delayed de-escalation to oral antibiotics was associated with increased duration of intravenous antibiotics and length of stay.© 2012 The Authors. Respirology © 2012 Asian Pacific Society of Respirology.

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