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J Head Trauma Rehabil · Sep 2014
Application and clinical utility of the Glasgow Coma Scale over time: a study employing the NIDRR traumatic brain injury model systems database.
- Marie D Barker, John Whyte, Christopher R Pretz, Mark Sherer, Nancy Temkin, Flora M Hammond, Zabedah Saad, and Thomas Novack.
- University of Alabama at Birmingham (Drs Barker and Novack); Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute, Elkins Park, Pennsylvania (Dr Whyte); Craig Hospital (Dr Pretz) and Traumatic Brain Injury National Data and Statistical Center (Dr Pretz), Englewood, Colorado; TIRR Memorial Hermann, Houston, Texas (Dr Sherer); University of Washington, Seattle (Dr Temkin); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (Dr Hammond); Carolinas Rehabilitation, Charlotte, North Carolina (Dr Hammond); and University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, Colorado (Ms Saad).
- J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2014 Sep 1;29(5):400-6.
ObjectiveTo examine possible changes in Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores related to changes in emergency management, such as intubation and chemical paralysis, and the potential impact on outcome prediction.Participants10 228 patients from the Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems national database.DesignRetrospective study examining 5-year epochs from 1987 to 2012.Main MeasuresGCS score assessed in the Emergency Department (GCS scores for intubated, but not paralyzed, patients were estimated with a formula using 2 of the 3 GCS components), Outcome: Functional Independence Measure (FIM) assessed at rehabilitation admission.ResultsThe rate of intubation prior to GCS scoring averaged 43% and did not increase across time. However, a clear increase over time was observed in the use of paralytics or heavy sedatives, with 27% of patients receiving this intervention in the most recent epoch. Estimated GCS scores classified 69% of intubated patients as severely brain injured and 8% as mildly injured. The GCS accounted for a modest, yet consistent, amount of variability (approximately 5%-7%) in FIM scores during most epochs.ConclusionsGiven the frequency of intubation and/or paralysis following brain injury in this sample, estimating GCS or exploring other means to gauge injury severity is beneficial, particularly because a portion likely did not sustain severe brain injury. There is no evidence for declining predictive utility of the GCS over time.
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