• D R Zucker, J L Griffith, J R Beshansky, and H P Selker.
• Department of Medicine, New England Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
• J Gen Intern Med. 1997 Feb 1;12(2):79-87.

ObjectiveTo assess the influence of gender on the likelihood of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) among emergency department (ED) patients with symptoms suggestive of acute cardiac ischemia, and to determine whether any specific presenting signs or symptoms are associated more strongly with AMI in women than in men.DesignAnalysis of cohort data from a prospective clinical trial.SettingEmergency departments of 10 hospitals of varying sizes and types in the United States.PatientsPatients 30 years of age or older (n = 10,525) who presented to the ED with chest pain or other symptoms suggestive of acute cardiac ischemia.Measurements And Main ResultsThe prevalence of AMI was determined for men and women, and a multivariable logistic regression model predicting AMI was developed to adjust for patients' demographic and clinical characteristics. AMI was almost twice as common in men as in women (10% vs 6%). Controlling for demographics, presenting signs and symptoms, electrocardiogram features, and hospital, male gender was a significant predictor of AMI (odds ratio [OR] 1.7; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4, 2.0). The gender effect was eliminated, however, among patients with ST-segment elevations on electrocardiogram (OR 1.1; 95% CI 0.7, 1.7) and among patients with signs of congestive heart failure (CHF) (OR 1.1; 95% CI 0.8, 1.5). Signs of CHF were associated with AMI among women (OR 1.9; 95% CI 1.4, 2.6) but not men (OR 1.0; 95% CI 0.8, 1.3). Among patients who presented to EDs with chest pain or other symptoms suggestive of acute cardiac ischemia, AMI was more likely in men than in women. Among women with ST-segment elevation or signs of CHF, however, AMI likelihood was similar to that in men with these characteristics.

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