• R B Vukmir, M B Heller, and K L Stein.
• Department of Critical Care Medicine/Anesthesia, Presbyterian-University Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
• Ann Emerg Med. 1991 Jul 1;20(7):726-9.

Study ObjectivesA miniaturized, infrared, solid-state, end-tidal CO2 detector was used to confirm emergency endotracheal tube (ETT) placement.DesignThis prospective, clinical study used a miniature, infrared, solid-state end-tidal CO2 detector to confirm ETT placement in an acute setting.SettingThe ICU, emergency department, and hospital floor.Type Of ParticipantsThere were 88 consecutive adult patients requiring 100 emergency intubations.Measurements And Main ResultsThe indication for airway intervention was considered urgent in 79% and under arrest conditions in 21%. The mean number of intubation attempts was 1.83 (range, one to five) with difficulty of intubation of 6.48 and confirmation of 7.75, on a linear scale from 0 (lowest) to 10 (highest). Determination of ETT position revealed intratracheal intubation in 96% and esophageal intubation in 4%. Placement was confirmed by direct visualization or radiography in all cases. Sensitivity and specificity for ETT localization was 100% (P less than .0001).ConclusionThis hand-held infrared capnometer reliably confirms ETT placement under emergency conditions.

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