• Kunihiko Ito, Takashi Yoshiyama, Masako Wada, and Hideo Ogata.
• Department of Research, Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association (JATA), Tokyo. ito@jata.or.jp
• Kekkaku. 2004 Oct 1;79(10):561-7.

PurposeTo investigate the risk factor of treatment failure of pulmonary tuberculosis excluding multi-drug resistant cases from the standpoint of both clinical management and tuberculosis control.Object And MethodRetrospective chart review of patients who admitted to Fukujuji Hospital for treatment failure of pulmonary tuberculosis excluding multi-drug resistant cases from Jan. 1993 to Dec. 2003.ResultsOut of 24 treatment failure cases available for analysis, 4 cases were associated with chronic tuberculous empyema with broncho-pleural fistula, and among them, chronic empyema was considered to be the main cause of treatment failure in one case. In 6 cases, poor adherence to medication was confirmed or suspected, and 2 of these 6 cases was also associated with miss-management. In 9 cases miss-management was found without poor adherence or chronic empyema, and in 8 out of these 9 cases, miss-management was considered to be the main cause of treatment failure. In 5 cases no apparent risk factor was found, but in 2 out of these 5 cases the ignorance of the results of drug sensitivity tests (and, therefore, miss-management) was strongly suspected. Summing up, in 10 out of 24 cases (41.7%), the miss-management was considered to be the main cause of treatment failure, and it was more frequently seen than poor adherence to medication.ConclusionClinicians should be aware of these risk factors of treatment failure such as chronic empyema, weak regimen in bacteriological negative cases, rifampicin+ethambutol regimen, and miss-management of drug adverse effect. From the standpoint of tuberculosis control in Japan we considered that, in addition to DOT, strategy to secure the quality of tuberculosis treatment is by all means needed.

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