• Ryosuke Tsuruta, Yasutaka Oda, Ayumi Shintani, Shin Nunomiya, Satoru Hashimoto, Takashi Nakagawa, Yasuhisa Oida, Dai Miyazaki, Shigemi Yabe, and Japanese Epidemiology of Delirium in ICUs (JEDI) Study Investigators.
• Advanced Medical Emergency and Critical Care Center at the Yamaguchi University Hospital, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan. Electronic address: ryosan-ygc@umin.ac.jp.
• J Crit Care. 2014 Jun 1;29(3):472.e1-5.

PurposeThe object of this study is to evaluate the prevalence and effects of delirium on 28-day mortality in critically ill patients on mechanical ventilation in Japan.Materials And MethodsProspective cohort study was conducted in medical and surgical intensive care units (ICUs) of 24 medical centers. Patients were followed up daily for delirium during ICU stay after enrollment. Coma was defined with the Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale score of -4 or -5. Delirium was diagnosed using the Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to assess the effects of delirium and coma on 28-day mortality, time to extubation, and time to ICU discharge; delirium and coma were included as time-varying covariates after controlling for age, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, ventilator-associated pneumonia, and the reason for intubation with infection.ResultsOf 180 patients, 115 patients (64%) developed delirium. Moreover, 15 patients (8%) died within 28 days after ICU admission, including 7 patients who experienced coma and 8 patients who experienced both coma and delirium. There were no deaths among patients who did not experience coma. Delirium was associated with a shorter time to extubation (hazard ratio [HR], 2.52; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.65-3.85; P<.001) and a shorter ICU length of stay in comatose patients (HR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.04-2.44; P=.034), whereas delirium appeared with prolonged time to ICU discharge among patients without coma, although statistical significance was not detected due to limited analytical power (HR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.34-1.12; P=.114). Delirium during ICU stay was not associated with higher mortality.ConclusionsFurther study is needed to investigate the discrepancy between these and previous data.Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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