• Elizabeth A Hunt, Jordan M Duval-Arnould, Kristen L Nelson-McMillan, Jamie Haggerty Bradshaw, Marie Diener-West, Julianne S Perretta, and Nicole A Shilkofski.
• Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, USA; Department of Pediatrics, USA; Division of Health Sciences Informatics, USA; Johns Hopkins Medicine Simulation Center, Baltimore, MD, USA. Electronic address: ehunt@jhmi.edu.
• Resuscitation. 2014 Jul 1;85(7):945-51.

IntroductionPrevious studies reveal pediatric resident resuscitation skills are inadequate, with little improvement during residency. The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education highlights the need for documenting incremental acquisition of skills, i.e., "Milestones". We developed a simulation-based teaching approach "Rapid Cycle Deliberate Practice" (RCDP) focused on rapid acquisition of procedural and teamwork skills (i.e., "first-five minutes" (FFM) resuscitation skills). This novel method utilizes direct feedback and prioritizes opportunities for learners to "try again" over lengthy debriefing.ParticipantsPediatric residents from an academic medical center.MethodsProspective pre-post interventional study of residents managing a simulated cardiopulmonary arrest. Main outcome measures include: (1) interval between onset of pulseless ventricular tachycardia to initiation of compressions and (2) defibrillation.ResultsSeventy pediatric residents participated in the pre-intervention and fifty-one in the post-intervention period. Baseline characteristics were similar. The RCDP-FFM intervention was associated with a decrease in: no-flow fraction: [pre: 74% (5-100%) vs. post: 34% (26-53%); p<0.001)], no-blow fraction: [pre: 39% (22-64%) median (IQR) vs. post: 30% (22-41%); p=0.01], and pre-shock pause: [pre: 84 s (26-162) vs. post: 8s (4-18); p<0.001]. Survival analysis revealed RCDP-FFM was associated with starting compressions within 1 min of loss of pulse: [Adjusted Hazard Ratio (HR): 3.8 (95% CI: 2.0-7.2)] and defibrillating within 2 min: [HR: 1.7 (95% CI: 1.03-2.65)]. Third year residents were significantly more likely than first years to defibrillate within 2 min: [HR: 2.8 (95% CI: 1.5-5.1)].ConclusionsImplementation of the RCDP-FFM was associated with improvement in performance of key measures of quality life support and progressive acquisition of resuscitation skills during pediatric residency.Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

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