• E A Frost.
• J. Neurosurg. 1984 Apr 1;60(4):673-86.

AbstractComplications of performing neurosurgery in the sitting position have been well defined, and include cardiac and respiratory effects, air embolism, and pneumocephalus. Prophylactic measures and early diagnosis allow prompt therapy with minimal residual sequelae. All anesthetic agents and techniques alter the intracranial dynamics. A clear understanding of drug effects and the pathology involved allow a rational choice of anesthetic management to maximize the potential for a good outcome. Patients with cerebrovascular disorders frequently have multisystem disease, and careful preanesthetic assessment and preparation ensure a more stable intraoperative and postoperative course. Many chemical and mechanical reactions follow an ischemic hypoxic insult, but appropriate therapeutic intervention and early establishment of cardiorespiratory support measures have shown promise in improving the neurological outcome in these patients.

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