• Jinqiao Sun, Jin Li, Guoqiang Cheng, Bin Sha, and Wenhao Zhou.
• Department of Clinical Immunology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China. jinqiao1977@yahoo.com.cn
• Acta Paediatr. 2012 Aug 1;101(8):e316-20.

AimThe aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of hypothermia on neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and S-100 protein levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in neonates with hypoxic/ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE).MethodsFifty-one enrolled neonates with HIE were divided into two groups: hypothermia (n = 23) and control (n = 28). NSE and S-100 protein were measured with immunoradiometric assays. Amino acid neurotransmitters were also measured by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Neurodevelopmental assessments were performed at 3 and 12 months of age.ResultsNeuron-specific enolase and S-100 levels were lower, and neurodevelopment outcome was better in the hypothermia group compared with the control group. Among the infants who received hypothermia, CSF NSE and S-100 were significantly higher in those who developed severe neurological impairment (mental development index or physical development index <70). There were no significant differences between the two groups in amino acid neurotransmitters.ConclusionThese results indicated that hypothermia was associated with decreased CSF NSE and S-100 level and correlated with neurodevelopmental outcome in infants with HIE.© 2012 The Author(s)/Acta Paediatrica © 2012 Foundation Acta Paediatrica.

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