• K A Neville, C F Verge, A R Rosenberg, M W O'Meara, and J L Walker.
• Department of Endocrinology, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia. kristen.neville@sesiahs.health.nsw.gov.au
• Arch. Dis. Child. 2006 Mar 1;91(3):226-32.

AimsTo determine whether the risk of hyponatraemia in children with gastroenteritis receiving intravenous (IV) fluids is decreased by the use of 0.9% saline.MethodsA prospective randomised study was carried out in a tertiary paediatric hospital. A total of 102 children with gastroenteritis were randomised to receive either 0.9% saline + 2.5% dextrose (NS) or 0.45% saline + 2.5% dextrose (N/2) at a rate determined by their treating physician according to hospital guidelines and clinical judgement. Plasma electrolytes, osmolality, and plasma glucose were measured before (T(0)) and 4 hours after (T(4)) starting IV fluids, and subsequently if clinically indicated. Electrolytes and osmolality were measured in urine samples. Results were analysed according to whether children were hyponatraemic (plasma sodium <135 mmol/l) or normonatraemic at T(0).ResultsAt T(0), mean (SD) plasma sodium was 135 (3.3) mmol/l (range 124-142), with 37/102 (36%) hyponatraemic. At T(4), mean plasma sodium in children receiving N/2 remained unchanged in those initially hyponatraemic (n = 16), but fell 2.3 (2.2) mmol/l in the normonatraemic group. In contrast, among children receiving NS, mean plasma sodium was 2.4 (2.0) mmol/l higher in those hyponatraemic at baseline (n = 21) and unchanged in the initially normonatraemic children. In 16 children who were still receiving IV fluids at 24 hours, 3/8 receiving N/2 were hyponatraemic compared with 0/8 receiving NS. No child became hypernatraemic.ConclusionsIn gastroenteritis treated with intravenous fluids, normal saline is preferable to hypotonic saline because it protects against hyponatraemia without causing hypernatraemia.

28 keywords...

hide…