• Mauricio Obal Colvero, Humberto Holmer Fiori, Renato Machado Fiori, Jorge Hecker Luz, Davi de Paula, Christina Oppermann, Paulo Márcio Pitrez, Vinícius Duval da Silva, and Aline Pieruccini Colvero.
• Department of Pediatrics, Hospital São Lucas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
• Neonatology. 2008 Jan 1;93(3):188-92.

IntroductionMeconium aspiration produces airway obstruction and surfactant inhibition. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and surfactant replacement have been proposed as treatments for the syndrome.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of BAL with normal saline followed by a supplementary dose of surfactant in a piglet model of meconium aspiration syndrome.Methods15 newborn piglets were used in the study. The animals were ventilated with fixed settings. After inhalation of 4 ml/kg of diluted meconium, the piglets were randomized into three groups: group I (n = 5) - tracheal aspiration without BAL; group II (n = 5) - BAL with normal saline (15 ml/kg), and group III (n = 5) - BAL with normal saline (15 ml/kg) followed by a supplementary dose of surfactant (Curosurf(R) 100 mg/kg). Arterial blood gas samples were obtained 30 min and 6 h after the inhalation of meconium.ResultsA significant increase of PaO(2 )values at 6 h after treatment was only observed in group III (from 51 +/- 13 to 189 +/- 115 mm Hg; p = 0.04). At this time, PaO(2) in group III was significantly higher compared to group II (189 +/- 115 and 37 +/- 11 mm Hg, respectively; p = 0.023) and showed a borderline significance when compared to group I (p = 0.066).ConclusionBAL with normal saline followed by a supplementary dose of surfactant may improve oxygenation in an experimental piglet model of meconium aspiration syndrome.Copyright (c) 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel.

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