• Oz M Shapira, Gideon Sahar, and Ehud Raanani.
• Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel. Electronic address: ozshapira@hadassah.org.il.
• J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 2016 Jun 1; 151 (6): 1508-15.

AbstractTraining the next generation of cardiothoracic surgeons is a global persistent challenge. Major issues, including length of training, decreasing volume of cases, shift toward high-risk, complex, and less-invasive procedures, increased specialization, and uncertainty with regard to future employment, are relevant and affect residency training programs in the United States, Europe, and other parts of the world. To produce high-quality, mature, and qualified surgeons, these challenges mandate an ongoing effort by our specialty leadership aimed at identifying creative solutions and adapting the current residency training curricula and methodology to the dynamic changes in our field. The current situation in Israel is discussed with the hope that sharing our experience might be useful and lead to adoption of some of our solutions by other countries.Copyright © 2016 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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