• Thomas G Brott, George Howard, Gary S Roubin, James F Meschia, Ariane Mackey, William Brooks, Wesley S Moore, Michael D Hill, Vito A Mantese, Wayne M Clark, Carlos H Timaran, Donald Heck, Pierre P Leimgruber, Alice J Sheffet, Virginia J Howard, Seemant Chaturvedi, Brajesh K Lal, Jenifer H Voeks, Robert W Hobson, and CREST Investigators.
• From the Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (T.G.B., J.F.M.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham (G.H., V.J.H.) and Cardiovascular Associates of the Southeast (G.S.R.) - both in Birmingham; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec, QC (A.M.), and the University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (M.D.H.) - both in Canada; Baptist Health Lexington, KY (W.B.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (W.S.M.); Mercy Hospital St. Louis, St. Louis (V.A.M.); Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (W.M.C.); the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (C.H.T); Novant Health Clinical Research, Winston-Salem, NC (D.H.); the Providence Sacred Heart Medical Center and Children's Hospital, Spokane, WA (P.P.L.); Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark (A.J.S., R.W.H.); the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (S.C.); the University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore (B.K.L.); and the Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (J.H.V.).
• N. Engl. J. Med. 2016 Mar 17;374(11):1021-31.

BackgroundIn the Carotid Revascularization Endarterectomy versus Stenting Trial, we found no significant difference between the stenting group and the endarterectomy group with respect to the primary composite end point of stroke, myocardial infarction, or death during the periprocedural period or any subsequent ipsilateral stroke during 4 years of follow-up. We now extend the results to 10 years.MethodsAmong patients with carotid-artery stenosis who had been randomly assigned to stenting or endarterectomy, we evaluated outcomes every 6 months for up to 10 years at 117 centers. In addition to assessing the primary composite end point, we assessed the primary end point for the long-term extension study, which was ipsilateral stroke after the periprocedural period.ResultsAmong 2502 patients, there was no significant difference in the rate of the primary composite end point between the stenting group (11.8%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 9.1 to 14.8) and the endarterectomy group (9.9%; 95% CI, 7.9 to 12.2) over 10 years of follow-up (hazard ratio, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.83 to 1.44). With respect to the primary long-term end point, postprocedural ipsilateral stroke over the 10-year follow-up occurred in 6.9% (95% CI, 4.4 to 9.7) of the patients in the stenting group and in 5.6% (95% CI, 3.7 to 7.6) of those in the endarterectomy group; the rates did not differ significantly between the groups (hazard ratio, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.64 to 1.52). No significant between-group differences with respect to either end point were detected when symptomatic patients and asymptomatic patients were analyzed separately.ConclusionsOver 10 years of follow-up, we did not find a significant difference between patients who underwent stenting and those who underwent endarterectomy with respect to the risk of periprocedural stroke, myocardial infarction, or death and subsequent ipsilateral stroke. The rate of postprocedural ipsilateral stroke also did not differ between groups. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health and Abbott Vascular Solutions; CREST ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00004732.).

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