• Kirsten Kortram, Bert van Ramshorst, Thomas L Bollen, Marc G H Besselink, Dirk J Gouma, Tom Karsten, Philip M Kruyt, Grard A P Nieuwenhuijzen, Johannes C Kelder, Ellen Tromp, and Djamila Boerma.
• Dept of Surgery, St, Antonius Hospital Nieuwegein.
• Trials. 2012 Jan 1;13:7.

BackgroundLaparoscopic cholecystectomy in acute calculous cholecystitis in high risk patients can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Percutaneous cholecystostomy may be an alternative treatment option but the current literature does not provide the surgical community with evidence based advice.Methods/DesignThe CHOCOLATE trial is a randomised controlled, parallel-group, superiority multicenter trial. High risk patients, defined as APACHE-II score 7-14, with acute calculous cholecystitis will be randomised to laparoscopic cholecystectomy or percutaneous cholecystostomy. During a two year period 284 patients will be enrolled from 30 high volume teaching hospitals. The primary endpoint is a composite endpoint of major complications within three months following randomization and need for re-intervention and mortality during the follow-up period of one year. Secondary endpoints include all other complications, duration of hospital admission, difficulty of procedures and total costs.DiscussionThe CHOCOLATE trial is designed to provide the surgical community with an evidence based guideline in the treatment of acute calculous cholecystitis in high risk patients.Trial RegistrationNetherlands Trial Register (NTR): NTR2666.

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