• Neurology · Sep 2002

    Review

    Treatment options for refractory pain: the role of intrathecal therapy.

    • Mark S Wallace.
    • Center for Pain and Palliative Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, Suite 0924, La Jolla, CA 92093-0924, USA. mswallace@ucsd.edu
    • Neurology. 2002 Sep 10;59(5 Suppl 2):S18-24.

    AbstractIntraspinal drug delivery represents an important treatment option for the management of chronic pain. Selection of candidates for this type of therapy requires careful evaluation of the patient, possibly including psychological screening. Although determining the efficacy of long-term intraspinal drug therapy has been challenging, several classes of agents have been identified to provide benefits in patients with a variety of pain types. Such agents include opioids, alpha(2)-agonists, sodium channel antagonists, and gamma-aminobutyric acid agonists. In addition, combinations of agents with distinct mechanisms of action may be therapeutically advantageous because many clinical pain states result from more than one mechanism.

      Pubmed     Full text   Copy Citation     Plaintext  

      Add institutional full text...

    Notes

     
    Knowledge, pearl, summary or comment to share?
    300 characters remaining
    help        
    You can also include formatting, links, images and footnotes in your notes
    • Simple formatting can be added to notes, such as *italics*, _underline_ or **bold**.
    • Superscript can be denoted by <sup>text</sup> and subscript <sub>text</sub>.
    • Numbered or bulleted lists can be created using either numbered lines 1. 2. 3., hyphens - or asterisks *.
    • Links can be included with: [my link to pubmed](http://pubmed.com)
    • Images can be included with: ![alt text](https://bestmedicaljournal.com/study_graph.jpg "Image Title Text")
    • For footnotes use [^1](This is a footnote.) inline.
    • Or use an inline reference [^1] to refer to a longer footnote elseweher in the document [^1]: This is a long footnote..

    hide…