• J Can Chiropr Assoc · Sep 2015

    Is "fear of passive movement" a distinctive component of the Fear-Avoidance Model in whiplash?

    • Howard Vernon, Rocco Guerriero, Shawn Kavanaugh, and Aaron Puhl.
    • Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Toronto, Ontario.
    • J Can Chiropr Assoc. 2015 Sep 1;59(3):288-93.

    ObjectivesModify the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK) for 'fear of passive motion' beliefs.MethodsWith permission, a 14-item modification, the TSK-PM (passive movement), was created. Test-retest reliability was tested first. Construct validity was tested in chronic whiplash patients by comparing the TSK-PM with the TSK, the Neck Disability Index (NDI) and cervical ranges of motion.ResultsThe TSK-PM showed high test-retest reliability (r = 0.83) and high correlation with the original TSK (r = 0.84). Low, non-significant correlations were found with other variables. NDI scores were strongly correlated with ranges of motion.ConclusionsWhile having high test-retest reliability and a single factor structure, the TSK-PM failed to demonstrate distinctive construct validity vs the original TSK. The original TSK is likely to be sufficient to assess fear of being moved in neck pain patients in a clinical setting. Modifications to the current version of the TSK-PM might improve its construct validity in future studies.

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