• Amr M Mahdy, Damon A Lowes, Helen F Galley, Jane E Bruce, and Nigel R Webster.
• Academic Unit of Anaesthesia & Intensive Care, Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom. a.mahdy@abdn.ac.uk
• Clin. Vaccine Immunol. 2006 Apr 1;13(4):492-5.

AbstractThe triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM-1) is a recently identified receptor expressed on neutrophils and monocytes. Activation of the receptor induces neutrophils to release the enzyme myeloperoxidase and inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-8. TREM-1 has an alternatively spliced variant that lacks the transmembrane region, resulting in the receptor being secreted in a soluble form (sTREM-1). Soluble TREM-1 has been detected in plasma during experimental and clinical sepsis and has been advocated as a diagnostic marker of infection for pneumonia and as a prognostic marker for patients with septic shock. We studied TREM-1 surface expression, using flow cytometry, and simultaneously measured sTREM-1 concentrations in culture supernatants of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated neutrophils. TREM-1 surface expression was constitutive and was not upregulated upon LPS stimulation. However, sTREM-1 release from neutrophils was significantly upregulated by LPS stimulation (P < 0.0001), an effect that was abrogated by cycloheximide. Soluble TREM-1 is therefore secreted by human neutrophils in response to LPS challenge in a process involving de novo protein synthesis that is not accompanied by an upregulation of the TREM-1 receptor on the surfaces of the cells.

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