• William L Baker, Erica L Baker, and Craig I Coleman.
• Hartford Hospital Drug Information Center, Hartford, Connecticut 06102-5037, USA.
• Pharmacotherapy. 2009 Aug 1;29(8):891-905.

Study ObjectiveTo assess the comparative efficacy of pharmacologic agents for the maintenance treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).DesignTraditional and mixed-treatment comparison (MTC) meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials.PatientsA total of 31,020 patients with COPD from 43 trials.Measurements And Main ResultsA systematic literature search of various databases (through October 2007) was performed to identify randomized controlled trials of long-acting beta(2)-agonists, tiotropium, inhaled corticosteroids, and/or combination therapy with an inhaled corticosteroid and a long-acting beta(2)-agonist in patients with COPD. Forty-three trials were included. Both meta-analyses were used to evaluate the occurrence of one or more episodes of COPD exacerbation, overall mortality, and patient withdrawal rates. With MTC analysis, long-acting beta(2)-agonists, tiotropium, inhaled corticosteroids, and combination inhaled corticosteroid-long-acting beta(2)-agonist therapy each decreased the odds of having an exacerbation by 16%, 31%, 15%, and 24%, respectively, compared with placebo. Moreover, tiotropium use reduced the odds of having at least one exacerbation by 18% compared with long-acting beta(2)-agonists and by 19% compared with inhaled corticosteroids alone. Each of the four drug classes was associated with significant odds reductions in patient withdrawals (26-41%) compared with placebo, and both tiotropium and combination therapy significantly decreased the odds of patient withdrawals compared with long-acting beta(2)-agonists or inhaled corticosteroids alone. Only combination therapy was associated with a mortality benefit, showing a 29% reduction compared with placebo and a 25% reduction compared with long-acting beta(2)-agonists alone. Compared with combination therapy, tiotropium use reduced exacerbations by 9% and increased mortality by only 4%. These findings did not demonstrate significant changes in the sensitivity or subgroup analyses, which were performed to evaluate the effect of heterogeneity among the included studies.ConclusionsCombination inhaled corticosteroid-long-acting beta(2)-agonist therapy was associated with the greatest positive effect on outcomes in patients with COPD. Of the bronchodilator monotherapies, tiotropium was associated with lower odds of having a COPD exacerbation or withdrawal from a study compared with long-acting beta(2)-agonists.

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