• O Sanchez, D Wermert, C Faisy, M-P Revel, J-L Diehl, H Sors, and G Meyer.
• Service de Pneumologie et Soins Intensifs, Université Paris V René Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France.
• J. Thromb. Haemost. 2006 Jul 1;4(7):1517-22.

BackgroundMost patients with suspected pulmonary embolism (PE) have a positive D-dimer test and undergo diagnostic imaging. Additional non-invasive bedside tests are required to reduce the need for further diagnostic tests.ObjectivesWe aimed to determine whether a combination of clinical probability assessment and alveolar dead space fraction measurement can confirm or exclude PE in patients with an abnormal D-dimer test.MethodsWe assessed clinical probability of PE and alveolar dead space fraction in 270 consecutive in- and outpatients with suspected PE and positive D-dimer. An alveolar dead space fraction < 0.15 was considered normal. PE was subsequently excluded or confirmed by venous compression ultrasonography, spiral computed tomography and a 3-month follow-up. Radiologists were unaware of the results of clinical probability and capnography.ResultsPE was confirmed in 108 patients (40%). Capnography had a sensitivity of 68.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 58.9-77.1%) and a specificity of 81.5% (95% CI: 74.6-87.1%) for PE. Forty-five patients (16.6%) had both a low clinical probability and normal capnography (sensitivity: 99.1%, 95% CI: 94.9-100%) and 34 patients (12.6%) had both a high clinical probability and abnormal capnography (specificity: 100%, 95% CI: 97.7-100%).ConclusionCapnography alone does not exclude PE accurately. The combination of clinical probability and capnography accurately excludes or confirms PE and avoids further testing in up to 30% of patients.

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