• Patricia O Prada, Eduardo R Ropelle, Rosa H Mourão, Claudio T de Souza, Jose R Pauli, Dennys E Cintra, André Schenka, Silvana A Rocco, Roberto Rittner, Kleber G Franchini, José Vassallo, Lício A Velloso, José B Carvalheira, and Mario J A Saad.
• Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
• Diabetes. 2009 Dec 1;58(12):2910-9.

ObjectiveIn obesity, an increased macrophage infiltration in adipose tissue occurs, contributing to low-grade inflammation and insulin resistance. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mediates both chemotaxis and proliferation in monocytes and macrophages. However, the role of EGFR inhibitors in this subclinical inflammation has not yet been investigated. We investigated, herein, in vivo efficacy and associated molecular mechanisms by which PD153035, an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, improved diabetes control and insulin action.Research Design And MethodsThe effect of PD153035 was investigated on insulin sensitivity, insulin signaling, and c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) and nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB activity in tissues of high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice and also on infiltration and the activation state of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) in these mice.ResultsPD153035 treatment for 1 day decreased the protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and interleukin (IL)-6 in the stroma vascular fraction, suggesting that this drug reduces the M1 proinflammatory state in ATMs, as an initial effect, in turn reducing the circulating levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6, and initiating an improvement in insulin signaling and sensitivity. After 14 days of drug administration, there was a marked improvement in glucose tolerance; a reduction in insulin resistance; a reduction in macrophage infiltration in adipose tissue and in TNF-alpha, IL-6, and free fatty acids; accompanied by an improvement in insulin signaling in liver, muscle, and adipose tissue; and also a decrease in insulin receptor substrate-1 Ser(307) phosphorylation in JNK and inhibitor of NF-kappaB kinase (IKKbeta) activation in these tissues.ConclusionsTreatment with PD153035 improves glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and signaling and reduces subclinical inflammation in HFD-fed mice.

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