• Nina Höller, Berndt Urlesberger, Lukas Mileder, Nariae Baik, Bernhard Schwaberger, and Gerhard Pichler.
• Division of Neonatology, and Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University, Graz, Austria.
• Neonatology. 2015 Jan 1; 108 (4): 233-45.

BackgroundPeripheral muscle near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) measurements are of increasing interest especially in the care of critically ill patients.ObjectiveThe aim was to perform a systematic qualitative review on peripheral muscle NIRS measurements in the clinical care of term and preterm neonates.MethodsA systematic search of PubMed and Ovid Embase was performed using the following terms: neonate, neonates, newborn, newborns, infant, infants, near-infrared spectroscopy, NIRS, oxygenation, perfusion, oxygen extraction, peripheral, tissue, muscle, calf, forearm and thigh. Additional articles were identified by a manual search of the cited references. Only human studies were included.ResultsTwenty-one studies were identified to use peripheral muscle NIRS measurements as a single method, 17 studies combined cerebral and peripheral muscle NIRS measurements and 1 study used multi-site NIRS measurements in human neonates. Two randomized studies were identified. Two additional publications were included because they provided important general information about peripheral muscle NIRS measurements.ConclusionIn the care of critically ill neonates peripheral muscle NIRS measurements alone or in combination with cerebral or multi-site NIRS measurements provide useful additional information about peripheral circulation and oxygenation. This method is a promising tool in the recognition of early states of centralization (compensated shock) in this vulnerable group of patients. However, before this method can be used in the clinical routine it has to be tested as monitoring to guide interventions in further studies.© 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

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