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          - V K Goel, D G Wilder, M H Pope, and W T Edwards.
- Iowa Spine Research Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA.
- Spine. 1995 Nov 1;20(21):2354-7.
 AbstractMechanical testing of the spine can be carried out in either a load-controlled or a displacement-controlled manner. Each method requires certain assumptions and offers different advantages. Dr. W. Thomas Edwards believes that displacement-controlled testing most accurately reflects the in vivo environment, while Drs. Vijay Goel, David Wilder, and Malcolm Pope support the use of the load-controlled method as most logical and easily standardized. Notes
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