• Julia Campbell, Leslie Tirapelle, Kenneth Yates, Richard Clark, Kenji Inaba, Donald Green, David Plurad, Lydia Lam, Andrew Tang, Ramon Cestero, and Maura Sullivan.
• Center for Creative Technologies, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
• J Surg Educ. 2011 Sep 1;68(5):403-7.

ObjectiveThis study explored the effects of a cognitive task analysis (CTA)-informed curriculum to increase surgical skills performance and self-efficacy beliefs for medical students and postgraduate surgical residents learning how to perform an open cricothyrotomy.MethodsThird-year medical students and postgraduate year 2 and 3 surgery residents were assigned randomly to either the CTA group (n = 12) or the control group (n = 14). The CTA group learned the open cricothyrotomy procedure using the CTA curriculum. The control group received the traditional curriculum.ResultsThe CTA group outperformed the control group significantly based on a 19-point checklist score (CTA mean score: 17.75, standard deviation [SD] = 2.34; control mean score: 15.14, SD = 2.48; p = 0.006). The CTA group also reported significantly higher self-efficacy scores based on a 140-point self-appraisal inventory (CTA mean score: 126.10, SD = 16.90; control: 110.67, SD = 16.8; p = 0.029).ConclusionsThe CTA curriculum was effective in increasing the performance and self-efficacy scores for postgraduate surgical residents and medical students performing an open cricothyrotomy.Copyright © 2011 Association of Program Directors in Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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