• Renata Rocha de Almeida, Luciana Soares de Souza, Alexandre Dias Mançano, Arthur Soares Souza, Klaus Loureiro Irion, Luiz Felipe Nobre, Gláucia Zanetti, Bruno Hochhegger, Jorge Luiz Pereira e Silva, and Edson Marchiori.
• Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
• Lung. 2014 Apr 1;192(2):225-33.

AbstractCocaine is the most commonly used illicit drug among patients presenting at hospital emergency departments and the most frequent cause of drug-related deaths reported by medical examiners. Various respiratory problems temporally associated with cocaine use have been reported. Acute and chronic uses also are responsible for lung complications, such as pulmonary edema, alveolar hemorrhage, pulmonary hypertension, organizing pneumonia, emphysema, barotrauma, infection, cancer, eosinophilic disease, and aspiration pneumonia. Although most imaging findings are nonspecific, they may raise suspicion of a cocaine-related etiology when considered together with patients' profiles and medical histories. This literature review describes cocaine-induced diseases with pulmonary involvement, with an emphasis on high-resolution chest computed tomographic findings and patterns.

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