• Sharon Einav, Alan Rubinow, Alexander Avidan, and Mayer Brezis.
• Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Centre, PO Box 12000, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
• Resuscitation. 2004 Aug 1;62(2):181-7.

ObjectiveTo examine whether "all-or-none" guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) are being applied by practitioners on general medical wards (GMWs).HypothesisDo not attempt resuscitation (DNAR) orders are rarely related to patient preferences. Limited resuscitation efforts are being practiced to circumvent the need for DNAR orders.DesignA surprise opinion survey (presented below), based on case vignette and practice description, and performed by remote control votes.SettingThe multi-centre forum for practitioners on GMWs within the greater Jerusalem district.Participants79/85 clinicians practicing/training on GMWs in six teaching hospitals, who attended the forum and responded within 3 min to the survey.ResultsFifty-eight practitioners (73%) assigned a DNAR order for a patient unable to express a preference and only 43 (55%) complied with the request of a competent patient for a DNAR order (P < 0.05]; 95% CI: 2-34). During the past year, only five practitioners (9% of respondents) had performed CPR solely when pathophysiological benefit was expected, 31 (59%) had performed limited CPR efforts and only 13 (28%) had discussed the subject of DNAR with patients and their next of kin >5 times.Conclusions(1) DNAR orders are rarely discussed with patients and their next of kin in GMWs within the region examined; (2) even when DNAR is discussed, physicians tend to confer DNAR orders based on their personal value judgements rather than on patient preferences; (3) practitioners on GMWs perform CPR when no pathophysiological benefit is expected; (4) limited resuscitation efforts are performed frequently in GMWs.

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