• Karyn E Medcalf, Alison L Park, Marian J Vermeulen, and Joel G Ray.
• 1Undergraduate Medical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. 2Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada. 3Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. 4Departments of Medicine, Health Policy Management and Evaluation, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
• Crit. Care Med. 2016 Jul 1; 44 (7): 1314-26.

ObjectivesTo evaluate maternal world region of birth, as well as maternal country of origin, and the associated risk of admission of 1) a mother to a maternal ICU, 2) her infant to a neonatal ICU, or 3) both concurrently to an ICU.DesignRetrospective population-based cohort study.SettingEntire province of Ontario, Canada, from 2003 to 2012.PatientsAll singleton maternal-child pairs who delivered in any Ontario hospital.Measurements And Main ResultsWe explored how maternal world region of birth, and specifically, maternal country of birth for the top 25 countries, was associated with the outcome of 1) neonatal ICU, 2) maternal ICU, and 3) both mother and newborn concurrently admitted to ICU. Relative risks were adjusted for maternal age, parity, income quintile, chronic hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, dyslipidemia, drug dependence or tobacco use, and renal disease. Compared with infants of Canadian-born mothers (110.7/1,000), the rate of neonatal ICU admission was higher in immigrants from South Asia (155.2/1,000), Africa (140.4/1,000), and the Caribbean (167.3/1,000; adjusted relative risk, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.36-1.46). For maternal ICU, the adjusted relative risk was 1.79 (95% CI, 1.43-2.24) for women from Africa and 2.21 (95% CI, 1.78-2.75) for women from the Caribbean. Specifically, mothers from Ghana (adjusted relative risk, 2.71; 95% CI, 1.75-4.21) and Jamaica (adjusted relative risk, 2.74; 95% CI, 2.12-3.53) were at highest risk of maternal ICU admission. The risk of both mother and newborn concurrently admitted to ICU was even more pronounced for Ghana and Jamaica.ConclusionsWomen from Africa and the Caribbean and, in particular, Ghana and Jamaica, are at higher risk of admission to ICU around the time of delivery, as are their newborns.

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