• Larissa W van Golen, Joost P A Kuijer, Marc C Huisman, Richard G IJzerman, Frederik Barkhof, Michaela Diamant, and Adriaan A Lammertsma.
• Diabetes Center/ Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
• J Magn Reson Imaging. 2014 Dec 1;40(6):1300-9.

PurposeTo compare cerebral blood flow (CBF) values measured using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) arterial spin labeling (ASL) with those obtained with [(15)O]H2O positron emission tomography (PET), the gold standard for measuring CBF in vivo.Materials And MethodsData were collected in 11 healthy men and in 20 age- and body mass index (BMI)-matched type 1 diabetic men. Pseudo-continuous ASL (PCASL) data were acquired at 3 T and [(15)O]H2O PET scans were acquired using a high-resolution PET scanner. Input functions were obtained using on-line arterial blood sampling. Whole brain and regional CBF values were compared.ResultsFor both modalities, whole brain CBF was similar in both subject groups. In groups combined, average whole brain CBF was 0.30 ± 0.05 mL · cm(-3) · min(-1) for [(15)O]H2O PET and 0.34 ± 0.05 mL · cm(-3) · min(-1) for ASL MRI (P < 0.01). A significant correlation between methods was observed for whole brain, gray and white matter. In 12 out of 33 brain regions a significant difference between methods was observed.ConclusionPCASL provides CBF values that correlate with [(15)O]H2O PET-derived values, but is less accurate. PCASL may be an attractive alternative when absolute quantification is not needed.© 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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