• Kathleen M Akgün and Robert F Miller.
• Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, Department of Medicine, VA Connecticut, West Haven, CT.
• Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2016 Apr 1; 37 (2): 303-17.

AbstractIntensive care unit (ICU) survival has been improved significantly for HIV-infected patients since the advent of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Non-AIDS conditions account for the majority of ICU admission diagnoses in areas with access to ART. However, opportunistic infections such as Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia still account for a significant proportion of ICU admissions, particularly in newly diagnosed HIV-infected patients, and are associated with increased ICU mortality. We discuss risk factors and outcomes for HIV-infected admitted to the ICU in the current ART era. We review the changing patterns in ICU admission diagnoses over time and how common ICU conditions are managed in HIV-infected compared with uninfected patients. We next address issues specific to the care for HIV-infected patients in the ICU, focusing on immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, ART continuation or initiation, and some common and potentially life-threatening ART-associated toxicities.Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

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